Cancer Research UK television advertisement Essays

Cancer Research UK television advertisement Essays Cancer Research UK television advertisement Essay Cancer Research UK television advertisement Essay Cancer Research UK is Britains leading charity and is dedicated to the research, treatment and prevention of cancer. With a team of 3000 scientists, and an annual research budget in excess of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½130 million, they are the largest independent cancer research organisation in the world. In todays world, adverts have a great deal of influence over what we buy and do. Nearly everywhere we go some type of advert bombards us. For example, there are adverts on buses, on television, in magazines and on the street. This essay will identify the techniques used by the Cancer Research UK advertisement, by looking in great detail at the colours, music, fonts and other techniques. More than one in three of us will develop cancer at some point. Few of us go through life without coming into contact with the disease in some way either through personal experience or through that of a friend or family member. Cancer Research UK is an organisation set up to find new and effective treatments for cancer quicker than ever before. The genre of an advert will determine its audience and most adverts are geared towards a certain target audience. For example, if the advert were for Mountain Biking UK it could use a famous mountain biker and detailed technical terms, which would appeal to the target audience. They would therefore be interested in and could identify with the product and the message the advert portrays. However, the Cancer Research UKs advert doesnt seem to clearly indicate who the intended audience is, probably because cancer affects everyone. It does however convey the fact that cancer affects not only the victim, but also those closest to them. In the advert a women dies leaving a child mother-less, it is a potential sorrow that many can identify with and is immediately understood even by children. In the advertisement there is two scenes in contrast with each other. The first scene shows to the viewer the affects cancer can have over a family. In the other scene, there is a family who has benefited from the organisation. This shows to the viewer the big impacts they could create from donating a small sum of money. The advertisement uses a number of techniques to convey to the viewer why they should contribute 2 a month to Cancer Research UK. The music in the background makes the viewer feel mournful, empathetic, and sad. There are lots of other effects like the voiceover, which is slow and meaningful, together with powerful visual images.  The advert starts with a high angle over shoulder shot at a boy who looks to be about seven years old and his mother. The director has chosen the location of the advert to be in the hallway whilst the child gets ready for school. This is a vital part of a mothers role to prepare her child for the day ahead. This makes the boy so vulnerable because he couldnt cope with a loss of his mother. This is why it is so important that the viewer contributes a sum of money smaller than the cost of their daily coffee in a caf This is a technique used in many adverts where the viewer is made to feel guilty for not participating in the event. Eva Cassidy who is a singer became famous posthumously, writes the music in the background. She has a distinctive soft and delicate voice that is instantly recognizable. It is a well-known fact that she tragically died of cancer at the age of thirty-three. Her voice used as the musical backdrop in this advert, is particularly poignant and apt. The lyrics to the music Youll remember me when the west wind moves upon the fields of barley can also have a reminiscent and nostalgic affect upon the viewer. The hallway portrays family life with shoes on the floor and coats hung up. However the lack of colour in the hallway creates a stark sterile atmosphere that is bereft of the busyness of everyday life. The camera then pans across to the right, the cancer research logo appears on the screen, the camera now gives an over shoulder view with the mothers back to the camera. The mother leans forward and whispers softly into the boys ear Dont forget your hanky and slowly disappears into the mirror. At this point the voiceover says, We dont have a magic mirror, but at Cancer Research UK, were helping more and more people survive cancer everyday. The voice is emotional, saying that there is no magic mirror, nothing will bring someone back, but the organisation is developing the cures for cancer. Were helping more and more people survive cancer everyday. It sounds catchy, and suits the context. It also instills hope into that scene of loss and despair. It encourages the viewer to believe that their financial contribution could avoid such tragedy in the future. This is another technique, which demonstrates what the viewer is buying with their small contribution; hope.

18 Funny St. Patricks Day Quotes and Toasts

18 Funny St. Patrick's Day Quotes and Toasts Irish people love to joke about themselves, and their love for alcohol has long been a theme in St. Patricks Day humor- and their own good-natured ribbing of each other. Get a taste of the Irish sense of humor with these funny St. Patricks Day quotes, and use these toasts the next time youre in your favorite pub with friends. Irish Blessing May the Good Lord take a liking to you...but not too soon! May the Lord keep you in his hand and never close his fist too tight. Author Unknown Saint Patrick was a gentlemanWho through strategy and stealthDrove all the snakes from IrelandHeres a drinkee to his health!But not too many drinkeesLest we lose ourselves and then...Forget the good Saint PatrickAnd see them snakes again! Anyone acquainted with Ireland knows that the morning of St. Patricks Day consists of the night of the 17th of March flavored strongly with the morning of the 18th. Daryl Stout Why should you never iron a 4-leaf clover? You dont want to press your luck. Irish Saying There are only two kinds of people in the world, The Irish and those who wish they were. There are many good reasons for drinking,One has just entered my head.If a man doesnt drink when hes living,How in the hell can he drink when hes dead? An Irishman is never drunk as long as he can hold onto one blade of grass to keep from falling off the earth. Charles M. Madigan St. Patrick- one of the few saints whose feast day presents the opportunity to get determinedly whacked and make a fool of oneself all under the guise of acting Irish. St. Patricks Day Toast Here’s to a long life and a merry one.A quick death and an easy oneA pretty girl and an honest oneA cold beer- and another one! Irish Toast It is better to spend money like theres no tomorrow than to spend tonight like theres no money! May you die in bed at 95 years, shot by a jealous husband (or wife). May the sound of happy music, And the lilt of Irish laughter, fill your heart with gladness, that stays forever after. May your glass be ever full.May the roof over your head be always strong.And may you be in heaven half an hour before the devil knows youre dead. When we drink, we get drunk.When we get drunk, we fall asleep.When we fall asleep, we commit no sin.When we commit no sin, we go to heaven.So, lets all get drunk, and go to heaven! May you always have a clean shirt, a clear conscience, and enough coins in your pocket to buy a pint! May the winds of fortune sail you, may you sail a gentle sea, may it always be the other guy who says This drinks on me. May your doctor never earn a dollar out of you and may your heart never give out. May the 10 toes of your feet steer you clear of all misfortune, and before youre much older, may you hear much better toasts than this.

Film and American Culture Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Film and American Culture Studies - Essay Example The way a certain movie influences a certain culture it is not same way it affects another culture. Certain cultures may think that action movies may instill violence to their child. Some parents argue that children will want to practice and experience what they watch in movies. A program such as wrestling is said to nurture and build a violent person (Funk, et al, 23–39). This will not be the case to other cultures because they might find it to be educative. The Chinese and Japanese like practicing soldierly arts; hence, they will find action movies to be educative because they can learn some skills from these movies. Other cultures find action movies to be entertaining. This is because in their everyday life, they encounter many risks, for example, the Maasai culture occupation is practiced around the forest as they graze their animals. They may find these movies to be entertaining as they experience a lot of violence with the wild animals. Some parents argue that action mov ies will instill braveness in children, especially cultures that undergo painful initiation. Some cultures recommend the circumcision of their men without being sedated to show braveness in a man. The other category of movies that have both positive effects on culture is the soap operas. These movies have different sagas, typically focusing on love. Parents feel that these movies will poison their children relationship issues at an early age. They feel that their children will start engaging in sexual action at an early age. Indian culture believes that people should not engage in sex until they are married. These movies will affect their culture negatively as young people will get involved passionately. It is also Indian customary for marriages and spouses to be arranged by parents, but after young people watch these soap operas, they feel they have a right to decide on their marriage life thus violating their culture. Other cultures find these soap operas to be informative and edu cative. For instance, these cultures feel that they educate people on how solve shaky relationship because they are true reflective of what happens in real life. These movies are educative in that they answer many questions to children. Parents are sometimes shy to converse matters pertaining to love and sex. They are unable to answer questions in this area hence these movies answer children questions. The other categories of movies that have both positive and negative impacts are the drama movies. These movies show how people use their wits and knowledge to solve certain issue. For example, a movie like Prison Break show how convicts gang up and use their wits to escape from prison. Children may try to put these in practice, hence skiving and absconding classes. These influence cultures in a negative manner. Some drama movies tackle the concern of bullying. For example, a movie like American Girl Stands Strong shows how some characters bully others in the school. Children may pract ice this and use it to bull other children. This may in turn result in forming an oppressive culture where some people are made to feel oppressive. Other drama movies address relationship issue. A movie like Desperate Housewives has shown a lot of unfaithful relationship. These may result in the buildup of cultures with infidelities; hence, separations and divorce will be the order of the day. They may also influence the

Inelastic scatttering of neutrons or x rays by phonons Essay

Inelastic scatttering of neutrons or x rays by phonons - Essay Example The instrument used to measure this form of X ray scattering is called a TOF chopper spectrometers. Inelastic scattering essentially involves the interaction between neutron and phonons and the exchange of energy and momentum that takes place. The Inelastic Neutron Scattering can be represented by the following double differential equation ( Loong Chun, 2006) Here, the scattering function S (Q, E) is directly related to the space-time correlation functions that exist between particles or the space-time constraints of the particle itself. Coherent Inelastic Scattering This involves addition of both energy and momentum. A coherent scattering experiment provides details about the frequency and space configurations of phonons. The phonons can be quantified as the vibrations of ions in their respective positions of equilibrium. The experiment manages in measuring the static and dynamic factors of both the core electrons and the electrons located in the outer periphery. These x ray diffrac tion experiments provide information regarding the behaviour of quantum liquids. The speed of sound in water which is function of its temperature can be ascertained using this experiment. Further density variations of fluids with temperature changes and the corresponding arrangements of ions structurally also form part of the inelastic scattering process. ... Further the Born-Von Karman analysis provides relationship between force constants and the dispersions. (Loong Chun, 2006) Dispersion curves thus plotted using this relation provide information regarding the phonon density. This is critical in measuring thermodynamic specifics like vibration entropy and specific heat of materials.( Loong Chun, 2006) The INS Instrument-Crystal Mono-chromators and Choppers The INS instrument is capable of performing very precise measurements and calculating S (Q, E) to its absolute units. It is very critical to calculate the total energy interaction that occurs when scattering takes place. An energy filter placed at a certain collimated solid angle is used to allow these low energy scattered neutrons to pass through it. (Veenendaal M van et al, 2010) This utilizes two methods to assess the process. One involves a direct geometry which utilizes a combination of fixed incident energy and variable scattered energies. The other uses inverse geometry combin ing variable incident energy and fixed scattered energy. The coherent inelastic x ray spectrometer uses a mono-chromator of high energy that is utilized as the source. The analyzer is formed by a curved Si crystal. A nested crystal that is formed by a combination of Si (4 4 0)-(15 11 3) forms the mono-chromator. A Diced Silicon crystal of bending radius 6m with a combination of (18 6 0) forms the analyzer. The energy resolution obtained in this exercise is 2meV while the momentum transferred is 5A-1. The energy of the photons that are used to impact initially is in the range of 21.657 keV. (Loong Chun, 2006) Source: Phonon dispersion measurements in Berrylium along (0 0 ?) direction for the longitudinal phonons for ? values indicated for each spectrum,

Reading Important Essay Example for Free

Reading Important Essay 1. Reading is fundamental to function in todays society. There are many adults who cannot read well enough to understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. That is a scary thought especially for their children. Filling out applications becomes impossible without help. Reading road or warning signs is difficult. Even following a map becomes a chore. 2. Reading is a vital skill in finding a good job. 3. Reading develops the mind. 4. Reading is how we discover new things. 5. Reading develops the imagination. 6. Reading develops the creative side of people. 7. Reading is key in developing a good self image. Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves and their abilities. 8. Good reading skills improve spelling. 9. Ideas written down have changed the destiny of men and nations. 10. The power of written ideas communicated through reading is a foundational reason why some governments oppose free and honest communication. Illiterate people are easier to control and manipulate. They cannot do their own research and thinking. They must rely on what they are told. Words are the building blocks of life. You are, right now, the result of words that you have heard or read and believed. What you become in the future will depend on the words you believe about yourself now. People, families, relationships, and even nations are built from words. Think about it. Why is Writing Important? It seems like a silly question, but it is very important to be able to express yourself well. Our writings precede us, or introduce us. For example, when we apply for a job or to enroll in a school, we need to submit a resume and sometimes a cover letter, or when sending e-mails to someone we don’t actually know well or haven’t met yet (work partners, customers, or even responding on behalf of the company you work for). If we make a bad (or illegible) impression, the outcome for us may not be favorable. Poor writing may cost a lot; it may lead to misunderstanding and misconstruing due to sentence structure, grammar, punctuation, and spelling problems. We need to write well for the following reasons: To translate, communicate, and materialize our ideas and thoughts into accessible documents that are useful to ourselves and others To report our work in informative, concise, and professional formats Another important reason is that when writing, we are sending a message to our readers about who we are. Therefore, we need to be clear, focused, and accurate so as not to be misunderstood, underestimated, or ignored.

Existentialism: Kierkegaard and Nietzsche Essay -- Philosophy

The Merriam – Webster Dictionary defines existentialism as a chiefly 20th century philosophical movement embracing diverse doctrines but centering on analysis of individual existence in an unfathomable universe and the plight of the individual who must assume ultimate responsibility for acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or good or bad (Merriam, 2011). In other words, an existentialist believes that our natures are the natures we make for ourselves, the meaning of our existence is that we just exist and there may or may not be a meaning for the existence, and we have to individually decide what is right or wrong and good or bad for ourselves. No one can answer any of those things for us. A good example of existentialism is Woody Allen’s movie, Deconstructing Harry. A man is haunted by his past and his past has followed him into the present. He is a wreck not because of the things that happened to him, but because of the choices he made. He is consumed by regret and insecurity and he tries to find blame in his situation with someone other than himself, however he cannot (Barnes, 2011). Throughout the rest of this paper I will be discussing two of the most prominent existentialists, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. Soren Kierkegaard’s ideas of existentialism were firmly rooting in his Christianity. This would make sense in light of his college major and at one time feeling a call to serve within the church. Kierkegaard surmised, â€Å"God is infinite and personal†¦ transcendent and imminent, omniscient, sovereign, and good† (Teachme, 1997). Even though his beliefs were rooted in Christianity he believed that man also had the inalienable right to be himself (Teachme, 1997). That is, he has the right to be ... ...tialism. (2011). In University of South Dakota. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http://people.usd.edu/~clehmann/HWB/hwb_h/exist.htm Malachi. (2003). Existential Wars: Kierkegaard versus Nietzsche. In Soren Kierkegaard. Retrieved December 5, 2011, from http://www.sorenkierkegaard.nl/artikelen/Engels/001.%20Existential%20Wars%20Kierkegaard%20vs%20Nietzsche.pdf Soren Kierkegaard. (1997). In Teach-Me. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http://www.angelfire.com/la/TEACH2/SKierkegaard.html Where the Absurd leads to God: Introducing Kierkegaard. (2009). In 90 Seconds to Culture. Retrieved December 4, 2011, from http://www.90secondstoculture.com/2009/04/where-the-absurd-leads-to-god-introducing-kierkegaard-culturecast-053/ Wyatt, C. (2010). Friedrich Nietzsche. In Tameri Guide for Writers. Retrieved December 6, 2010, from http://www.tameri.com/csw/exist/nietzsche.shtml

World Bank Report Concept Of Water Security Environmental Sciences Essay

Water security implies low-cost entree to clean H2O for agribusiness, industrial and household use and is therefore of import portion of human security. Water along with nutrient and energy signifiers a critical portion of ‘new security docket ‘ and redefines the apprehension of security as a footing for policy response and long term planning. 23. Water security for India implies effectual responses to altering H2O conditions in footings of quality, measure and uneven distribution. Unheeded it can consequence relationship between South Asiatic states. Water security has been recognized as being of import plenty to be enshrined in UN human rights declaration and is now a basis of UN ‘s millenium development ends[ 1 ]. Water insecurity is all permeant in South Asiatic part, seeable in struggles and tensenesss break outing within and across states. Therefore, the demand to incorporate H2O security as a cardinal constituent of human security is important. 24. Water Availability & A ; Consumption. Planet is covered largely by H2O but merely 3 % of it is fresh H2O and out of which 2 % is frozen in ice caps and glaciers. Mere 1 % is in signifier of lakes, pools, rivers, watercourses, swamps, marshesand bogs is readily available for human ingestion. By 2030 it is believed that demand for H2O will be 40 % more than its current demand and 50 % higher in most rapidlydeveloping states that include India and China[ 2 ].As per the estimations, by 2030 universe population is projected to make 7.5 billion ( low estimation ) and 9 billion ( medium estimation ) by 2050 from the current degree of 6.7 billion people.The majority of the population addition will be in states already sing H2O deficits. The of all time spread outing spread between demand ( in footings of turning population & A ; economic system ) and supply ( in footings of handiness ) will potentially do H2O a serious issue in the coming decennaries peculiarly in dumbly populated states . 25. Union Ministry of H2O resources has estimated the states H2O demands to be around 1093 BCM for the twelvemonth 2025 and 1447 BCM for the twelvemonth 2050. With jutting population growthof 1.4 billion by 2050, the entire available H2O resources would hardly fit the entire H2O demands of the state. In 1951 the one-year per capita handiness of H2O was 5177m, which reduced to 1342m by 2000. The facts indicate that India is expected to go ‘water stressed ‘ by 2025 and ‘water scarce ‘ by 2050. Harmonizing to the UNEP. ‘water emphasis ‘ occurs when demand for H2O exceeds the available sum during a certain period or when hapless quality restricts its usage. Water emphasis causes impairment of fresh H2O resources in footings of quality and measure. A state whose renewable fresh H2O handiness on an one-year per capita footing, exceeds about 1700 centimeter will endure merely occasional or local H2O job. Below this threshold states being to see periodic o r regular H2O emphasis. When fresh H2O handiness falls below 1000cm per individual per twelvemonth, states experience chronic H2O scarceness, in which the deficiency of H2O Begins to halter economic development, human wellness and good being. When renewable fresh H2O supplies fall below 500 centimeters per individual, states experience absolute scarceness. 24. Six billion people of planet Earth use about 30 % of the universe ‘s entire accessible renewable supply of H2O. By 2025, that value may make 70 % . Yet at present one million millions of people lack basic H2O services and 1000000s die each twelvemonth from H2O related diseases. Some believe that fresh H2O will be critical restricting resource for many parts in the close hereafter. About one tierce of te universe ‘s population lies in states that are sing H2O emphasis. In Asia, where H2O has ever been regarded as an abundant resource per capita handiness declined by 40-60 % between 1955 & A ; 1990. Projections suggest that most Asiatic states will hold terrible H2O jobs by the twelvemonth 2025. 25. Water Security. Water security is an elusive construct, but consensus is get downing to emerge in the universe community as to its dimensions, its parametric quantities, and the best attacks for its accomplishment. The Second World Water Forum Ministerial Declaration ( 2000 ) , endorsed that H2O security implies the followers: – Human entree to safe and low-cost H2O for wellness and wellbeing. Assurance of economic and political stableness. Protection of human populations from the hazards of water-related jeopardies. Equitable and concerted sharing of H2O resources. Complete and just rating of the resource. Sustainability of ecosystems at all parts of the hydrologic rhythm.Dimensions of Water Security26. The issue of H2O security has several dimensions such as viing utilizations, debasement of quality and scarceness. World Bank defines it as a combination of increased productiveness and lessened destructivity of H2O. In the yesteryear, the competition for H2O has triggered societal tensenesss and struggles between water-use sectors and states as the domestic demands for H2O has forced authoritiess to be after and put in expansive H2O undertakings such as the River-Linking Project by India and Three Gorges undertaking by China. The H2O profile of the part with complex mutualities implies that internal kineticss within a state may now progressively manifest itself in an inter-State dimension. 27. Water is arguably one of humanity ‘s most valuable resources and that is why all antediluvian civilisations grew along rivers be it the Indus or the Nile. It has come under increased demand due to rapid population and economic growing and may go a changeless beginning of struggles both within the states every bit good as between states. South Asia is an disposed instance survey of H2O both as a beginning of cooperation and every bit good as struggle. The concern for H2O is more pressing in the South Asiatic mainland dwelling of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Nepal. The China factor and impact of its H2O policies has added another dimension to the job. 28. Water scarceness is a serious and turning job throughout the universe, and the twin force per unit areas of ‘Population Growth ‘ and ‘Climate Change ‘ will merely escalate this job. The United Nations estimates that â€Å" the figure of people populating in water-stressed states will increase from about 700 million today to more than 3 billion by 2035[ 3 ]. The underdeveloped universe entirely will be home to 90 % of the 3 billion people expected to be added to the planetary population by 2025. 29. It is estimated that by 2025, over half of the universe ‘s dwellers will be straight affected by H2O scarceness. Most of them will populate in either China or India. China has entree to about 7 % cent of the universe ‘s H2O resources, but is place to around 20 % of the planetary population, while India possesses about 4 % of H2O resources with merely a somewhat smaller public[ 4 ]. Both states, along with eight other Asiatic states and 47 % of the universe ‘s people, are to a great extent dependent on the Tibetan Plateau for H2O. Any H2O policies for the part hence will hold a multinational impact. 30. Measured by conventional indexs, H2O emphasis, which occurs when the demand for H2O exceeds the available sum during a certain period or when hapless quality restricts its usage, is increasing quickly, particularly in developing states like India and China. Harmonizing to the 2006 Human Development Report[ 5 ], about 700 million people in 43 states live below the water-stress threshold of 1,700 three-dimensional metres per individual. By 2025, this figure will make 3 billion, as H2O emphasis intensifies in China, India, and South Asia.Factors Determining Water Security31. The graduated table of the ever-present social challenge of accomplishing and prolonging H2O security is determined by many factors, of which three stand out. First there is the hydrologic environment, the absolute degree of H2O resource handiness, its inter- and intra-annual variableness and its spacial distribution, which is a natural bequest that a society inherits. Second, there is the socio-economic environ ment, the construction of the economic system and the behaviour of its histrions, which will rei ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ect natural and cultural bequests and policy picks. Third, there will be alterations in the hereafter environment, with considerable and turning grounds that clime alteration will be a major portion. These factors will play of import functions in finding the establishments and the types and graduated tables of substructure needed to accomplish H2O security.The Hydrologic Environment32. Relatively low rainfall variableness, with rain distributed throughout the twelvemonth and Perennial River i ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ows sustained by groundwater base i ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ows, consequences in hydrology that is comparatively â€Å" easy † to pull off. Achieving a basic degree of H2O security is straightforward and requires relatively low degrees of accomplishment and investing ( chiefly because H2O is sufi ¬?cient, widespread and comparatively dependable ) . â€Å" Difi ¬?cult † hydrol ogies are those of absolute H2O scarceness ( i.e. comeuppances ) and, at the other extreme, low-lying lands where there is terrible i ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ood hazard. Even more difi ¬?cult is where rainfall is markedly seasonal or where there is high inter-annual clime variableness. With progressively â€Å" difi ¬?cult † hydrology, the degree of institutional rei ¬?nement and substructure investing needed to accomplish basic H2O security becomes signii ¬?cantly greater. Not coincidently, most of the universe ‘s hapless face difi ¬?cult hydrologies. 33. A bequest of trans-boundary Waterss, hydrologic and political or a â€Å" trans-boundary † hydrologic bequest can signii ¬?cantly perplex the undertaking of pull offing and developing H2O to accomplish H2O security owing to inter-jurisdictional competition both within and between states. While this is clearly evident in federal states with some province sovereignty over H2O, it is peculiarly acute in the instance of international trans-boundary Waterss. Rei ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ecting this complexness, the UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses was under readying for 20 seven old ages prior to acceptance by the UN General Assembly in 1997 and has non been entered into force. Many of today ‘s trans-boundary basins are the consequence of twentieth Century colonial boundary lines that cut across water partings and created international rivers, peculiarly in South Asia.The Socio-Economic Environment34. Water Infrastructure and Institut ions. Investings in H2O substructure and establishments are about ever needed to accomplish H2O security. States with â€Å" difi ¬?cult hydrology † will constantly necessitate more substructure and stronger establishments, with the development of each of these being greatly complicated where Waterss are trans-boundary. In about all societies, semisynthetic assets have besides been developed, from simple small-scale cheque dikes, weirs and bunds that became the foundation of early civilizations, to, at the other terminal of the graduated table, investing in bulk H2O direction substructure typically developed by industrialising states, such as multipurpose dikes for river ordinance and storage and inter-basin transportation strategies. 35. Macroeconomic Structure and Resilience. The construction of economic systems plays an of import function, with more vulnerable economic systems necessitating more investing to accomplish H2O security. Historical investings in H2O direction establishments and substructure, the economic system ‘s trust on H2O resources for income coevals and employment and its exposure to H2O dazes will all be relevant. 36. Hazard and the Behaviour of Economic Areas. In the poorest states, where endurance is a existent concern for big parts of the population and there are few functional societal safety cyberspaces, economic histrions tend to be highly risk averse, puting merely after there is signii ¬?cant presentation of returns. States with â€Å" difi ¬?cult † hydrology, such as India and Pakistan may good confront the highest hazards ; yet have the most risk-averse populations, the lowest substructure investing and the weakest establishments.Climate Change37. Climate alteration is doing H2O security harder to accomplish and prolong. Global clime alteration is likely to increase the complexness and costs of guaranting H2O security. Overall, climate alteration is expected to take to decreased H2O handiness in the states that are already H2O scarce and an addition in the variableness with which the H2O is delivered. This combination of hydrological variableness and extremes is at the bosom of the challenge of accomplishing basic H2O security. The H2O security challenge will hence be compounded by clime alteration and it will necessitate signii ¬?cant version by all states. This will peculiarly be the instance in hapless states which lack the establishments and substructure to pull off, shop and present their H2O resources and where clime alteration will be superimposed on bing and in some instances utmost exposures. 38. Harmonizing to assorted scientific studies, by 2050 Himalayan glaciers will hold receded by 27.2 % . Slow depletion of these glaciers would greatly cut down the river H2O flow particularly to India, escalating bing jobs of H2O scarceness and competition. Similar alterations will impact the 11 Asiatic states to which Himalayan Waterss flow[ 6 ]. A 2009 Purdue University survey, predicts an eastern displacement in monsoon circulation caused by the altering clime, which today causes more rainfall over the Indian Ocean, Bangladesh and Burma and less rainfall over India, Nepal and Pakistan. This displacement raises serious concerns for the states anticipating reduced rainfall. Summer monsoon rainfall provides 90 % of India`s entire H2O supply and as the effects of clime alteration become more marked, agricultural populations in India and Pakistan dependant on monsoons and glacial thaw for irrigation will be deeply affected.International Conventions on Water Sharing39. Water knows no b oundaries and flows in maintaining with the ballad of the land, necessitating Riparian International Water Laws to regulate the non navigational usage. The 1815 Law for the Navigational Use of International Waters secured the critical sea lines of communicating between the western states and the colonial powers. Ironically, no such Torahs were created for direction of the river classs. 40. United Nations General Assembly Convention. In 1966, the International Law Association adopted the Helsinki Rules, which provide a set of guidelines for ‘reasonable and just ‘ sharing of common waterways. In 1970, the United Nations General Assembly commissioned is ain legal advisory organic structure, the International Law Commission ( ILC ) , to analyze â€Å" Codification of the Law on Water Courses for Purposes other than Navigation. † The first formal effort to pull off the riparian Waterss was the 1997 Draft United Nations Convention, which is yet to be ratified by the needed figure of states. 41. The convention has been criticized as it is practically impossible to hold one convention that would integrate all possible scenarios, as besides a specific convention would be unacceptable to all members of the UN as demands and demands defer from part to part and state to state.Generalized Principles of Trans-boundary Water Allotment42. Water has become a important beginning of struggle and has led to differing perceptual experiences between assorted provinces such as the Arabs and Israelis, Americans and Mexicans, and among all 10s Nile basin co-riparians. The generalised rules to extenuate jobs of H2O allotment include Absolute Sovereignty, Absolute Riverine Integrity, Limited Territorial Sovereignty and Economic Criteria[ 7 ]. These can be summarized as under: – ( a ) Absolute sovereignty is based on hydrography and implies one-sided control over Waterss within a state ‘s district while the philosophy of absolute riverine unity emphasizes the importance of historical use, or chronology, and suggests that every riparian has a right to the Waterss that flow through its district. ( B ) Limited territorial sovereignty reflects the right to reasonable and just usage of international Waterss while bring downing no important injury on any other co-riparian while the rule of economic standards uses the market to apportion H2O among viing users in an economically efficient mode.Approachs to Water Security43. In seeking to understand the assorted histrions and their attacks on the issue of H2O, it is of import to recognize at the beginning that there are plurality of histrions in the H2O sector-the province which includes authoritiess, bureaucratism and the province machinery, who can besides be termed the â€Å" directors † and the market ; civil society administrations and groups ; H2O communities or H2O users ; and knowledge establishments. Each group is characterised with its ain schemes and attacks, and within each group there are differences and fluctuations. 44. Technology Solutions. As the demand for this scarce resource additions daily, it has become an pressing necessity that H2O should be conserved and wastage of this scarce resource should be minimized. Some of the of import techniques such as rainwater harvest home, recycling, infrared or pes operated spigots, drip irrigation method etc save the use of H2O but there is a demand to germinate engineering solutions to this crisis. 45. Drain Basin Approach to Water Security. Drain basins are an indispensable, if non the lone factor in cut downing H2O emphasis. They have besides been historically of import for finding territorial boundaries, peculiarly in parts where trade by H2O has been of import. It is hence natural to pull off H2O resources on the footing of single basins because the drainage basins are consistent entities in a hydrological sense.

Toni Morrison

Hannah Campos Professor Gibbons English 2 February 25, 2013 The Future of Language is in Our Hands Toni Morrison’s is a leading figure in American literature who won the Nobel Prize in 1993. She is good at giving different points of views or metaphors in order to show her purpose of writing and produce the tension of beauty. Black history plays a huge role in Morrison’s writing. In her lecture she tells a story happening between a blind woman and a few young men. The young men question her wisdom by asking if the bird in their hand was alive or dead.Her response to that was, â€Å"it is in your hands† meaning that the fate of the bird is in your hands. They could either let the bird live or die. The bird in this story indicates language. Morrison tries to imply that language is diminishing slowly as generation goes on and on. She believes that it is in our hands to revive it for what it truly is. The story involves the racial issues. Morrison shows her strong lov e for Hero language, but at the same time she showed her worry for its situation in the hands of todays society. Morrison feels like language can or will be killed by indifference and be employed to promote violence.In the continuing essay I will talk about Toni Morrison’s style and reason of writing what she writes and also what she means about â€Å"it is in your hands†, language that is. Morrison’s Nobel Lecture best interprets her artistic writing style. The fully poetic language and creative writing is what makes Morrison so outstandingly bold and Campos 2 different. Morrison is good at realizing what the purpose is and prevailing it onto others in a way that is easily persuasive and believable. She has many narrative techniques that she takes in to action.In this lecture she gave, she brings forth all these techniques I just said in the above text. Toni Morrison makes a good point when, in her acceptance speech upon receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature, she says, â€Å"Narrative . . . is . . . one of the principal ways in which we absorb knowledge† (7). The words we use and the way in which we use them is how we, as humans, communicate to each other our thoughts, feelings, and actions and therefore our knowledge of the world and its peoples. Knowledge is power. In this way, our language, too, is powerful. We as the people just need to learn how to use it properly.In her acceptance speech, Morrison tries to communicate the idea that we must be careful with how we use our words. Once again, She analogizes the use of language to the life of a metaphoric bird in a tale of a wise, old, blind woman. Toni Morrison opens her speech by referring to a tale of two young people who, in trying to disprove the credibility of this wise woman, ask the question, â€Å" is the bird I am holding in my hand living or dead? ’†. Of course, being blind, the woman does not know and must say so. However, she adds that, â€Å" What I do know is that it is in your hands. It is in your hands†.In saying this, she tells the youngsters that the fate of the bird’s life is their responsibility. The bird, in this case, represents language. Morrison tries to portray the blind woman as an experienced writer of some sort. Some believe that it is herself. She goes on to say that the bird has either been found dead, been killed, or has the ability (if it Campos 3 is alive) to be killed, much as language, being looked at as a living thing, can live or die; be saved or destroyed. As Morrison would say language is â€Å"susceptible to death, erasure; certainly imperiled and salvageable only by an effort of the will†.That will is the responsibility of those who use it. We have the option to make language something beautiful, useful, and a source of that power of knowledge, or as degrading, offensive, and oppressive. Throughout her speech, Toni Morrison works towards defining and supporting this thesis of resp onsibility. It is our responsibility, as users of words, to make language thrive. We are not aware of the words that come out of our mouths due to lack of thought or attention, we all suffer and we are all at fault. The standards of society are changing and with them the standards and values to which we hold the meaning of our words.Some may say that the values and morals are declining and with that comes a decline in the way in which we as a society express ourselves. Should we be so â€Å"careless† or â€Å"indifferent† with our language, its â€Å"demise† will surely come. Words may, in fact, loose their affect and meaning. Perhaps this gives new meaning to the statement â€Å"language may be the measure of our lives†. Language has many uses, and with it responsibilities, namely â€Å"grappling with meaning, providing guidance, and expressing love†. Where would we be if we, as a culture, abandoned this all? Would we have no meaning, no guidance, no love?All people who use language are capable of this, if not already to blame for this: children, parents, those who hold positions of power. All in all, Morrison tries to use a metaphoric analogy in order to portray her views on the role that language plays today and in the future. She strives to keep in abundant Campos 4 and living in all of our vocabulary. Morrison is very dedicated to her writing. She uses her ethnicity to help her tell her stories using racial issues. In the end, I believe that we all have language in our hands, how we use it is all up to us. It is our responsibility, however, to help future generations use it right.

How to Grow Your Own Quartz Crystals

How to Grow Your Own Quartz Crystals Quartz crystals are silicon dioxide, SiO2. Pure quartz crystals are colorless, but impurities in the structure lead to beautifully colored gems, including amethyst, rose quartz, and citrine. Most natural quartz crystallizes from magma or precipitates from hot hydrothermal veins. Although man-made quartz is produced, the process requires heat not generally possible in a home setting. Its not a crystal most people want to try to grow at home  since perfect crystals require  specialized equipment. Synthesized quartz is made using the hydrothermal process in an autoclave. You probably dont have one of those in your kitchen, but you may have a smaller equivalenta pressure cooker. Growing Crystals With a Pressure Cooker If you are truly determined to grow quartz crystals at home, you can grow small crystals by heating silicic acid in a pressure cooker. Silicic acid can be made by reacting quartz with water or by  acidification of sodium silicate in aqueous solution. The main problem with either technique is that silicic acid has a tendency to turn into silica gel. However, it is possible to synthesize quartz crystals with a pressure cooker. In 1845, the German geologist Karl Emil von Schafhutl succeeded in making quartz the first crystal grown by hydrothermal synthesis. Modern techniques can be used to grow large single crystals, but you shouldnt expect fabulous gems from a home canning system. Similar Alternatives Fortunately, there are similar-looking crystals you can grow at home. One rather spectacular option is to make a fulgurite, which is the glassy shape made by a lightning strike or other electrical discharge into sand. If youre seeking a large colorless crystal to grow, try alum crystals.

Sea Otter Facts

Sea Otter Facts Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are an easily recognized and beloved marine mammal. They have furry bodies, whiskered faces, and a propensity to lay on their backs and float on the water, a behavior that humans perceive as evidence of fun-loving.  They are native to the northern coastlines of the Pacific Ocean, from northern Japan to Baja, Mexico. Most critically, they are a keystone species, meaning that their continued existence is required for several other species to survive. Fast Facts: Sea Otters Scientific Name: Enhydra lutrisCommon Name: Sea ottersBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 3.3–4.9 feetWeight: 31–99 poundsLifespan: 10–20 years  Diet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Coastlines of the North Pacific Rim, from northern Japan to the central Baja peninsulaConservation Status: Endangered Description Sea otters are carnivores in the family Mustelidae- a group of animals that also includes terrestrial and semi-aquatic forms such as weasels, badgers, skunks, fishers, minks, and river otters. Sea otters are the only fully aquatic form of otters, but they share features with the others such as thick fur and short ears. This thick fur keeps the animals warm ​but unfortunately has led to over-hunting by humans of many of these mustelid species.   Sea otters are the smallest fully marine mammal in the world: Males range in length between 3.9–4.9 feet, while females range between 3.3–4.6 feet. The average body mass for males is about 88 pounds, with a range of 49–99 pounds; females range from 31–73 pounds.   Temperature balance is a significant challenge for sea otters, who lack the blubber of other marine mammals such as seals and walruses. Otters have a dense fur made up of a combination of undercoat and longer guard hairs that provides insulation, but it must be almost continuously maintained. Fully 10 percent of a sea otters day is spent grooming its fur. However, fur is an inflexible insulation, so, when necessary, sea otters cool off by flapping their nearly-hairless rear flippers. Habitat and Distribution Unlike some marine mammals like whales that would die if they were on land for too long, sea otters can go up onto land to rest, groom, or nurse. However, they do spend most if not all of their lives in the water- Sea otters even give birth in the water. Although there is just one species of sea otter, there are three subspecies: The Russian northern sea otter (Enhyrda lutris lutris), which lives in the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula, and Commander Islands off Russia,The northern sea otter (Enhyrda lutris kenyoni), which lives from the Aleutian Islands off Alaska, down to Washington state, andThe southern sea otter (Enhyrda lutris nereis), which lives in southern California. Diet Sea otters eat fish and marine invertebrates like crabs, urchins, sea stars, and abalone, as well as squid and octopuses. Some of these animals have hard shells, which protect them from predators. But that isnt an issue for the talented sea otter, which cracks open the shells by banging them with rocks. To hunt prey, sea otters have been known to dive as deep as 320 feet; however, males mostly forage at depths of around 260 feet and females about 180 feet. Sea otters have a baggy patch of skin under their forelimbs which is used for storage. They can keep extra food in this spot, and also store a favorite rock for cracking the shell of their prey. Jeff Foott / Getty Images Behavior Sea otters are social, and hang out together in groups called rafts. Sea otter rafts are segregated: Groups of between two and 1,000 otters are either all males or females and their young.  Only adult males establish territories, which they patrol during mating season to keep out other adult males. Females rove freely between and among male territories. Mint Images - Frans Lanting / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Sea otters reproduce sexually and that only occurs when the females are in estrus. Mating is polygynous- one male breeds with all the females in its breeding territory. The gestation period lasts for six months, and females nearly always give birth to a single live pup, although twinning does occur. Young sea otters have a form of extremely woolly fur that makes an otter pup so buoyant that it cant dive underwater and can float off if not tended carefully. Before a mother otter leaves to forage for her pup, she wraps the pup in a piece of kelp to keep it anchored in one spot. It takes 8–10 weeks for the pup to shed its initial fur and learn to dive and the pup stays with the mother for up to six months after birth. The females enter estrus again within several days to weeks after weaning.   Female sea otters become sexually mature at about 3 or 4 years of age; males do so at 5 or 6 although most males dont establish a territory until they are 7 or 8.  Female otters live 15–20 years and can have pups every year from the first estrus; males live for 10–15 years. Keystone Species Sea otters are a keystone species and play a critical role in the food web of the kelp forest,  so much so that even terrestrial species are influenced by sea otter activity. When sea otter populations are healthy, urchin populations are kept in check, and kelp is abundant. Kelp provides shelter for sea otters and their pups and a variety of other marine organisms. If there is a decline in sea otters due to natural predation or other factors such as an oil spill, urchin populations explode. As a result, kelp abundance decreases  and other marine species have less habitat. Kelp forests absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and a healthy forest can absorb as much as 12 times the amount of CO2 from the atmosphere than if it were subject to sea urchin predation.   When sea otter populations are abundant, bald eagles prey primarily on fish and sea otter pups, but when sea otter populations declined in early the 2000s due to predation by an increased population of orcas, bald eagles preyed more on marine birds and had more offspring because of the higher caloric content of a seabird diet. Threats Because they are dependent on their fur for warmth, sea otters are heavily affected by oil spills. When oil coats a sea otters fur, air cant get through and the sea otter cant clean it out. The infamous  Exxon Valdez  spill killed at least several hundred sea otters and affected the sea otter population in Prince William Sound for well over a decade, according to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council.   While sea otter populations increased after legal protections were put in place, there have been recent declines in sea otters in the Aleutian Islands (thought to be from orca predation) and a decline or plateau in the populations in California. Other than natural predators, threats to sea otters include pollution, diseases, parasites, entanglement in marine debris, and boat strikes. Conservation Status Sea otters first became protected from the fur trade by the International Fur Seal Treaty in 1911, after the population had decreased to about 2,000 as a result of unrestrained hunting for furs. Since then, sea otter populations have rebounded, but the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the species as a whole as Endangered. The ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System lists both northern and southern sea otters as threatened. Sea otters in the U.S. today are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Sea Otter Skins. Gulf of Maine Cod Project, NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries / National Archives Sources Anthony, Robert G., et al. Bald Eagles and Sea Otters in the Aleutian Archipelago: Indirect Effects of Trophic Cascades. Ecology 89.10 (2008): 2725–35. PrintDoroff, A. and A. Burdin. Enhydra lutris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T7750A21939518, 2015.  Northern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System, 2005.Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System, 2016.Tinker, M. T., et al. Otters: Enhydra Lutris and Lontra Felina. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Third Edition). Eds. Wà ¼rsig, Bernd, J. G. M. Thewissen and Kit M. Kovacs: Academic Press, 2018. 664–71. Print.Wilmers, Christopher C, et al. Do Trophic Cascades Affect the Storage and Flux of Atmospheric Carbon? An Analysis of Sea Otters and Kelp Forests. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10.8 (2012): 409–15. Print.

Article responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article responses - Essay Example He suggests that this particularly divisive time created animus within the African-American population, propagated by the notion that much of what was "Negro" was by definition inferior to White culture. In this crucible of division the musical form that would come to be known as the Blues would be born and judged by various groups. This paper will summarize and comment on Barakas aka Jones reflections of this period of musical and cultural history. In a culture that regards a particular population so thoroughly inferior, the slave mentality bends under this oppressive distinction and begins to loathe itself. The music born out of that period reveals the changing economic and political conditions that self-emancipation brings, and how that shifting ground translates musically. Initially, the African chants and hollers that occupied slave music was counter-posed with Anglo-Saxon Protestant hymnals that at times were lifted directly from the hymn books themselves. The freedom to Africanize words, and the learning of American English resulted in some interesting phraseology to develop in the chants and lyrics that would eventually become the blues. Furthermore, the difficulties in finding rhymes because of the apparent restriction that a inchoate though developing mastery of English entailed resulted in the repetitive structure that would come to typify the blues form. The need to be able to produce music that was understandable t o the American population at large was a manifestation of the recently emancipated slave populations that realized that this musical form could extend across the country rather than just across the plantation fields. Yet, the Blues maintained its intensely personal form, a form that it would never lose, as the desire to escape the mainstream White American prejudice would continue to psychologically alienate blues musicians. Jones contends that this alienation is not as